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【Objective】 M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor(M3 receptor), encoded by CHRM3 gene, is widely distributed in the cardiovascular system and plays an important role in cardiac regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the association of genetic variants in M3 receptor with blood pressure(BP) responses to controlled dietary sodium and potassium interventions. 【Methods】 A total of 333 subjects from 124 families were recruited from the rural areas of northern China. After a three-day baseline observation, they were sequentially on a seven-day low-salt diet, a seven-day high-salt diet, and a seven-day high-salt diet plus potassium supplementation. Thirteen CHRM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected for analysis. 【Results】 SNP rs10802811 of the CHRM3 was significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to both low-salt and high-salt diets while SNPs rs6429147, rs373288072, rs114677844 and rs663148 showed significant associations with systolic BP(SBP) and MAP responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNP rs6692904 was significantly associated with SBP, DBP and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Genetic variants in M3 receptor are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intervention, suggesting that M3 receptor may be mechanistically involved in BP salt and potassium sensitivity.
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【Objective】 Based on our previously established salt-sensitive hypertension cohort, we aimed to examine the association of genetic variants in uromodulin with blood pressure(BP) responses to dietary interventions of sodium and potassium intake. 【Methods】 In 2004, 514 subjects from 124 families in Mei County, Shaanxi Province, were recruited to establish the salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort. Among them, 333 non-parent subjects were selected and sequentially maintained on a normal-diet for 3 days, low-salt diet for 7 days, then a high-salt diet for 7 days and a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for another 7 days. Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the uromodulin gene were genotyped on the MassARRAY platform. 【Results】 BP levels decreased from the baseline to low-salt diet, increased from low-salt to high-salt diet, and decreased again from the high-salt diet to the high-salt plus potassium supplementation intervention. SNPs rs77875418 and rs4997081 of the uromodulin gene were significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs77875418, rs79245268, rs4293393, rs6497476, rs4997081, rs13333226, and rs12917707 were significantly associated with systolic BP(SBP), DBP, and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Genetic variants in uromodulin gene are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium supplementation, suggesting that uromodulin may be mechanistically involved in BP sodium-sensitivity and potassium-sensitivity.
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【Objective】 4-like protein with down-regulated expression and development in neural precursor cells (NEDD4L) plays an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation and sodium homeostasis by regulating epithelial sodium channel protein. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship of NEDD4L gene polymorphisms with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake. 【Methods】 In 2004, 514 subjects from 124 families in Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, were recruited to establish a salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort. All the subjects received a 3-day baseline survey, a 7-day low-salt diet, a 7-day high-salt diet, and finally a 7-day high-salt and potassium supplementation. Their BP was measured and peripheral blood samples were collected at different intervention periods. The 14 gene polymorphisms of NEDD4L gene were genotyped and analyzed by MassARRAY platform. 【Results】 BP decreased on a low-salt diet, and significantly increased on a high-salt diet, and decreased again after potassium supplementation. NEDD4L SNPs rs74408486 were significantly associated with systolic BP, diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure responses to the low-salt diet. SNPs rs292449 and rs2288775 were significantly associated with pulse pressure response to the high-salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs563283 and rs292449 were significantly associated with diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure responses to high-salt and potassium supplementation diet. 【Conclusion】 NEDD4L gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake, suggesting that NEDD4L gene may be involved in the development of salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity.
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【Objective】 Dyslipidemia has shown to be associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and renal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between residual cholesterol and the risk of subclinical renal damage (SRD). 【Methods】 A total of 2 342 participants were recruited from the previously established Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study cohort. According to estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatine ratio(uACR), the subjects were divided into SRD group and non-SRD group. The associations of residual cholesterol with eGFR, uACR, and the risk of SRD were analyzed by multiple linear and Logistic regression analyses. 【Results】 Residual cholesterol was positively correlated with uACR(r=0.081, P<0.001) but negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.091, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was an influencing factor of uACR (β=0.075, P<0.001) and eGFR (β=-0.027, P<0.001) after adjustment for gender, age, smoke, alcohol, exercise, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and serum uric acid. In addition, Logistic regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD independently of potential confounders [OR(95% CI)=1.387 (1.113-1.728), P<0.001]. Further subgroup analysis showed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD in women but not in men. 【Conclusion】 Residual cholesterol is a contributing factor in the risk of subclinical renal damage with gender-specific association.
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To adapt to the general educational requirements for military academies to prepare for victory under the new situation, the present paper proposed the overall thought of strengthening the post education for military hygiene through analyzing the main problems and causes existing in the current education, combined with the experience and practice of foreign military post education. Moreover, we combined the current situation and reality of post education in military medical universities, and analyzed the corresponding countermeasures from the aspects of teaching staff, course construction, information construction, teaching method and assessment model, expecting to provide guidance and help for better carrying out the post education of military hygiene in the future.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. It mainly occurs in young and middle-aged people and has a high disability rate. The pathogenesis of MS has not been fully elucidated, with great genetic heterogeneity, diverse clinical phenotypes, lack of specific biomarkers, numerous and complicated research data, which bring great challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of MS. Artificial intelligence (AI), as the cutting-edge hotspot in the development of science and technology, is widely used in the medical field to assist in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various diseases. Its infinite learning ability greatly promotes the management of MS. This article will review the application of AI in MS diagnosis and treatment.
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OBJECTIVES@#The measurement of diabetic foot ulcers is important for the success in diabetic foot ulcer management. At present, it lacks the accurate and convenient measurement tools in clinical. In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has demonstrated the potential application value in the field of image segmentation and recognition. This study aims to construct an intelligent measurement model of diabetic foot ulcers based on the deep learning method, and to conduct preliminary verification.@*METHODS@#The data of 1 042 diabetic foot ulcers clinical samples were collected. The ulcers and color areas were manually labeled, of which 782 were used as the training data set and 260 as the test data set. The Mask RCNN ulcer tissue color semantic segmentation and RetinaNet scale digital scale target detection were used to build a model. The training data set was input into the model and iterated. The test data set was used to verify the intelligent measurement model.@*RESULTS@#This study established an intelligent measurement model of diabetic foot ulcers based on deep learning. The mean average precision@.5 intersection over union (mAP@.5IOU) of the color region segmentation in the training set and the test set were 87.9% and 63.9%, respectively; the mAP@.5IOU of the ruler scale digital detection in the training set and the test set were 96.5% and 83.4%, respectively. Compared with the manual measurement result of the test sample, the average error of the intelligent measurement result was about 3 mm.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The intelligent measurement model has good accuracy and robustness in measuring the diabetic foot ulcers. Future research can further optimize the model with larger-scale data samples.
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Humans , Artificial Intelligence , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic FootABSTRACT
Autoimmune diseases can present as different forms of sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, insomnia, and sleep-related breathing disorders. These disorders can be life-threatening in severe cases. However, the lack of awareness of immune-related sleep disorders, along with the absence of uniform diagnostic and treatment standards, may lead to frequent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. This article will review the concepts, classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of immune-related sleep disorders, aimed at deepening the understanding of the diseases as well as facilitating early diagnosis and treatment.
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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG associated disorders (MOGAD) are newly recognized immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. The diseases can be manifested as a single-phase or recurrent course, recurrent episodes of which can leave serious neurological dysfunction, and control of acute attacks and prevention of recurrence is the focus of treatment, including steroids, immunosuppressants and biological agents. This article will review the progress of immunotherapy for MOGAD.
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Background:Fibroscan is the noninvasive method widely used to evaluate quantitatively the liver fibrosis and monitor the long-term efficacy of anti-fibrosis therapy. Aims:To study the use of Fibroscan for evaluating the efficacy of combined therapy with FuFang BieJia RuanGan tablet and antiviral drugs in patients with hepatitis B virus( HBV)-related cirrhosis. Methods:A total of 90 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis from March 2013 to September 2014 at Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital were recruited,and divided into treatment group and control group. Patients in treatment group received FuFang BieJia RuanGan tablet,and patients in control group received conventional liver-protective drugs,all the patients took nucleoside antiviral drugs at the same time. The treatment courses in both groups were 6 months. Liver stiffness measurement( LSM)was detected by Fibroscan before and after treatment. Biochemical parameters,width of portal vein and clinical symptoms were recorded. Results:After treatment,LSM was significantly decreased in both groups( P 0. 05). LSM was closely associated with Child-Pugh score both before and after treatment(r=0. 484,P<0. 01;r=0. 523,P<0. 01). Patients with Child-Pugh A had lower LSM than those with Child-Pugh B or Child-Pugh C(P<0. 01). Conclusions:FuFang BieJia RuanGan tablet combined with oral antiviral drugs can remarkably improve the liver function of cirrhotic patients and prevent progression of cirrhosis. Dynamic detection of LSM can be used for monitoring drug efficacy and disease progression in patients with cirrhosis.
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DEC1 is a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor involved in the regulation of cell prolif-eration;cell differentiation;lymphocytes maturation;circadian rhythms;immune response and response to hypoxia.Recent studies have revealed that the expression of DEC1 is abnormally high in various tumor tissues and cells.In addition;the expression of DEC1 in the tumor tissue is related to the malignancy of various cancer types.This paper;therefore;focuses on the relationship between DEC1 and proliferation;apoptosis;cellular senes-cence;invasion and metastasis of tumor cells;in order to elaborate the role of DEC1 in the pathogenesis and pro-gression of tumor.
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Objective To observe the clinical features of AIDS coinfected with cryptococcus meningitis. Methods The clinical data of 19 AIDS patients coinfected with cryptococcus meningitis were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 19 patients, the main clinical manifestation including headache (100.0%), nausea/vomiting (94.7%), fever (78.9%) and neck stiffness (84.2%).Seven cases revealed increased CSF protein, 10 cases showed depressed CSF glucose levels and 11 patients revealed elevated CSF pressures.The mean CD4+cell count was (58.9 ±27.8)/mm3.Imaging examination showed the neurological complications were hydrocephalus, cerebral infarction, cerebral atrophy and cerebral hernia.The usage rate of amphotericin B, amphotericin B liposome, fluconazole and fluorine cytosine was 31.6%, 21.1%, 47.4% and 47.4%, respectively.Only 2 cases received antiretroviral therapy.The misdiagnosis rate was 31.6%, and mortality rate was 21.1%.Conclusions AIDS coinfected with cryptococcus meningitis onsets hidden, with the clinical manifestation is atypical, and the misdiagnosis rate is higher.Early diagnosis and early usage of appropriate antifungal therapy/antiretroviral therapy can help to prevent the development of it.
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Implant surface modified coating can improve its osteoinductivity, about which simple calcium phosphate coating has been extensively studied. But it has slow osteointegration speed and poor antibacterial property, while other metal ions added, such as nano zinc ion, can compensate for these deficiencies. This paper describes the incorporation form, the effect on physical and chemical properties of the material and the antibacterial property of nano zinc, and summarizes the material's biological property given by calcium ion, zinc ion and inorganic phosphate (Pi), mainly focusing on the influence of these three inorganic ions on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis and matrix mineralization in order to present the positive function of zinc doped calcium phosphate in the field of bone formation.
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Humans , Biocompatible Materials , Calcium , Calcium Phosphates , Chemistry , Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation , Ions , Metal Nanoparticles , Chemistry , Osteoblasts , Cell Biology , Osteogenesis , Phosphates , Chemistry , Zinc , ChemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study the roles of copper transporter 1 (CTR1 )and Cu2 + transporting ATPase αpolypeptide (ATP7A)in lead exposure-induced copper accu mulation and oxidative stress in rat C6 glio ma cells.METHODS Methyl thiazolyl tetrazoliu m (MTT)assay was performed to determine the proper Pb doses (without affecting cell viability)by treated the cells with lead acetate 0 -100 μmol·L -1 for 24 h and 48 h.Superoxide dis mutase (SOD)activity or malondialdehyde(MDA)level were detected respectively by xanthine oxidase technique and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.Ato mic absorption spectrophoto metry was e mployed to determine the intracellular levels of Pb and Cu ions.Real-ti me quan-titative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of CTR1 and ATP7A, respectively.RESULTS The cell viability significantly decreased when the doses of Pb treat ment was higher than 10 μmol·L -1 ,so 10 μmol·L -1 was chosen as a working concentration of Pb exposure in this study.Co mpared with those in the normal controls,a moderately decreased T-SOD activity and an increased MDA level was determined in the cells treated with Pb 10 μmol·L -1 or Cu 5 μmol·L -1 alone, while a significant drop of T-SOD activity and a re markable increase of MDA level was found in the cells co-exposed to Pb and Cu (P<0.01 ).Pb exposure for 24 and 48 h increased the cellular Cu uptake by 1 .2 and 2.5 fold,respectively (P <0.01 ).Evidences fro m RT-PCR showed that Pb exposure for 24 and 48 h upregulated the CTR1 mRNA level by 23.2% and 58.7%,and downregulated the ATP7A mRNA level by 58.1 % and 50.0%,respectively.Results fro m Western blot confirmed that Pb exposure also resulted in an increased CTR1 expression and a decreased ATP7A expression at protein level (P<0.01 ).CONCLUSION Pb exposure lead to Cu accu mulation,by affecting the expression levels of CTR1 and ATP7A,and increased oxidative stress in C6 cells.
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Military hygiene is one of compulsory courses for undergraduates majored in clinical medicine in military colleges. Aiming at the disconnection between theoretical and practical ability in the traditional teaching process and combining with professional features of military hygiene, teaching reform should give priority to curriculum standards, human resource construction, teaching content and method, teaching quality assessment and feedback system. Meanwhile, teaching idea of‘learning to use’ should be strengthened and teaching scheme in line with the actual needs of military health service security work should be put forward in order to provide new ideas for training military health personnel.
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Objective To establish a method for the determination of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats by gas chromatography and to know whether MTBE can penetrate the blood brain barrier. Methods 9 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and then exposed to MTBE by gavage at a dose of 1000 mg/kg?bw and by inhalation at a dose of 8 ml/L for 30 days. The cerebrospinal fluid was collected at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h respectively at the end of treatment and the MTBE in rats cerebrospinal fluid was determined by gas chromatography. Results MTBE was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats after subchronic exposure of MTBE through gavage and inhalation. Conclusion MTBE is able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and reach the brain.
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Objective To study the prognosis of polymyositis(PM) and dermatomyositis(DM) patients and its influence factors.Methods Sixty DM and 30 PM patients diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of Bohan and Peter in our hospital during 2000-2008 were used as study subjects.The patients were followed up till their death or to August 2009.Gender,age of disease onset,disease course,serum creatine kinase,interstitial lung disease,heart involvement,connective tissue disease(CTD),malignancies,and treatment with corticosteroids,immunoglobulin and immunosuppressive agents were assessed as predictive factors for the prognosis of patients.Characteristics of muscular biopsy from 20 cases were analyzed.Results The median age of the 90 patients(29 males and 61 females) was 51 years(range 6-74 years).The male and female ratio was 1∶2.The most commonly involved muscles were the proximal muscles of limbs(83.3%),followed by neck muscles(25.6%),laryngea pharyngeal muscles(12.2%) and masticatory muscles(2.2%).Among the 42 patients(46.7%)with lung disease,interstitial lung disease and hear involvement were found in 29(32.2%)and 13(14.4%)patients,respectively.Of the 13 patients complicated by connective tissue disease,DM and PM accompanying connective tissue disease were diagnosed in 9 and 4,respectively,and DM and PM accompanying malignancies were observed in 2 patients.Muscular or skin biopsy was performed for 23 patients,which showed typical inflammatory infiltration in 13,dermatomyositis in 3,and no significant lesion in 2 patients,respectively.Of the 18 patients who died during the follow-up,5(16.67%) and 13(21.67%) died of PM and DM,respectively.Seventy-two patients survived.Their 1-,5-,and 9-year survival rate was 90%,84.4%,and 80%,respectively.The complete and partial remission rate was 22.2% and 36.7%,respectively,with a relapse rate of 20%.Advanced age of disease onset(P=0.003 8),interstitial lung disease(P=0.011 3) and malignancies(P=0.004 9) were main causes of death.Malignancy(RR=6.34,P=0.001 2)was the factor for poor prognosis and long-term treatment with hormones and immunosuppressive agents is the protective factor for PM and DM.Conclusion Complete and partial remission can be achieved in 58.9% patients with DM and PM.Advanced age of disease onset,interstitial lung disease and malignancy are the factors for poor prognosis of such patients.Long-term treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the protective factors.
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Objective To investigate air quality in the basements of high science-technologic buildings. Methods Continuous tests of air quality parameters of physics, chemistry and microbiology were conducted in 11 rooms of the basement used for working and living. Results At every test point the average room temperature was 25.5 ℃, the average relative humidity was 78.7 per cent, the average wind velocity was 0.057 m/s. Between the relative humidity and temperature(r=-0.850, P